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History Microsoft Vs Apple

History repeats: IBM vs Apple then, now Android vs iPhone

If history repeats itself, and the unexpected always happens, how should the man who could be to learn from experience.
George Bernard Shaw
Irish playwright and socialist (1856 - 1950)

The story, ironically, tends to repeat his car. This may be old news in the political, economic or historical but what happens in Hardware / Software industry?.

As I read some articles on the web about the market share of today's mobile OS / morning, a "pattern" began to emerge before my eyes. There is something in this pattern that indicates the mobile operating system will have significant market share perhaps two years from now, or sooner. How to predict future next mobile phone belonging to Linux operating system Android.

Ok that may have sound like a fool ... but please be patient and let me (try to) explain what are the historical similarities between the Apple-IBM war then, and Apple (IOS), Google (Android) now and what will probably the end of this struggle over the circular of the stock market. So grab a coffee and open your mind!

Keywords: IBM, Microsoft, Apple, Linux, Open / closed source / hardware / architectural.

Historical events ...

Before 1980 there was a chaos .... Incompatibility, deferential Platforms hardware and software, less or no standards of the industry where some of the troubbles on the market. Despite the presence of informal rules that allowed a fair measure interoperability between different equipment from different manufacturers, no company controlled the industry. Apple was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. His hand built, Apple I was first shown to the public at the Homebrew Computer Club and personal computer equipment that was sold as a motherboard with CPU, RAM, and text-based chips and video. In December 1979, Labor and several Apple employees visited Xerox PARC to see the Xerox Alto. Jobs was immediately convinced that all future computers would use a graphical user interface so that quickly drove the development of a graphical interface for the computer Apple Lisa.

Meanwhile, Microsoft entered the operating business in 1980 with his own version of Unix called Xenix. However, IBM awarded a contract to Microsoft to offer a version of the CP / M OS, which was created to be used in the upcoming IBM Personal Computer. Under the agreement, Microsoft purchased a CP / M called clone 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products, branding as MS-DOS, which IBM renamed to PC-DOS.

The Board is set ... and now the fun begins ...

IBM in 1981, finally entered the microcomputer market with a machine that was very unusual for its standards, largely coming from the external component suppliers, technically unambitious, running third-party operating systems, and, especially, had an open architecture (somehow this reminds me how a Linux distribution is based). It was called the IBM PC (Personal Computer).

IBM PC 5150

I repeat ... IBM decided to go on an open architecture so that other manufacturers could produce and sell peripheral components and compatible software without purchasing licenses. IBM also sold an IBM PC Technical Reference Manual which includes full circuit diagrams, a list of the ROM BIOS source code and other engineering and information programs. IBM PC announced on 12 August 1981. Six weeks later, in the fall COMDEX, Tecmar had 20 PC products available for sale. Thanks to the open nature of the PC architecture, PC soon had thousands of different third additional cards and software packages available for almost all purposes imaginable. This made the PC the only viable option for many, since the PC was the only platform that supports all the hardware and the software they need, allowing the PC to snatch the business market, a market with very different needs of client to client software.

industry competitors is one of several approaches to evolution market, which was to build a machine that duplicated the IBM PC as close as possible and sell for a price slightly lower or higher performance. two early leaders of the latter strategy were start-ups Computer and Compaq Columbia. They were the first to achieve compatibility reputation closely with the IBM machines, which meant he could run software written for the IBM machine without recompilation. This meant for software companies, which was adequate to write for the IBM PC and its clones as high priority and port versions for less common systems at leisure. While Apple had the "beauty" of desktop Lisa GUI (1983) became the first personal computer retail, with a graphical user interface, which was a commercial failure due to its high price, limited software titles, and because of the "ugly" MS-DOS was available on more machines called PC clones IBM. From about 1984, Microsoft were making huge revenues from sales of both DOS to IBM and a growing list growing other manufacturers who agreed to buy a license MS-DOS for all the machines that made (and PC clones.) For equipment manufacturers competing, large or small, the only common factors to provide technical leadership joint operating software from Microsoft and Intel CPUs. In essence, during most of the 1980s and early 1990s, the main machines that was spoken in the press and on the how-to guides, and IBM were IBM PC clones.

Nobody is perfect ...

Even thought Open Architecture, "was the way forward", with many manufacturers that supply the market with the IBM PC clones "pre-charged" with the Microsoft MS-DOS and most of the buying market was faster and cheaper compatible machines IBM made by other companies, in 1987, IBM made a bold and ultimately disastrous business decision. IBM chose to "go the way Apple "and introduced the PS / 2 line. The PS / 2 remain software compatible, but the hardware was very different, which means that none of the millions of existing additional cards work. The new IBM machines, in other words, they were compatible with IBM. In addition, IBM provides the PS / 2, so so that both technical and legal reasons that would be very difficult to clone in a similar way that Apple will manufacture its products. In the late 1980s and early of the 1990 IBM took a disastrous second by planning to replace the much higher DOS OS / 2. In answer to this, Microsoft preferred to push the established IBM PC clones and industry in the direction of its own product, called Windows thatbecame de-facto standard. IBM eventually waived its role as a manufacturer of PC in April 2005, when it sold its PC division to Lenovo for $ 1.75 billion.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the dominant " IBM PC compatible (clone) "platform, with millions of" homebuilt computers "that are assembled from available components, rather than purchased as a complete system from a supplier of computer systems, ensuring the success of Microsoft Windows that has driven nearly all other rival systems commercially exploited nearly to extinction. In mid-1990 for any manufacturer, the introduction of a new rival operating system was become too risky. Even if an operating system was technically superior to Windows, would be a market failure (BeOS and OS / 2 for example). Microsoft software continued delivery cheap commodity personal computers for the vast majority of computer users, whereas Apple was delivering a rich engineering, but expensive experience. Apple was based on high profit margins and never developed a clear answer. Instead, sued Microsoft for using a graphical user interface similar the Apple Lisa in Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation. The lawsuit dragged on for years before he was expelled from the court.

The decade 2000-2010

For the year 2001, Microsoft has about 95% of desktop computers and small business "lock-in" to its technology. In addition projects Open Source are getting some attention and for the year 2000 Open Source Development Labs (OSDL) was founded as a nonprofit organization supported by a global consortium of the task to "accelerate the deployment of Linux for enterprise computing." Its objectives include "to be the recognized center of gravity Linux industry. "Linux Foundation was founded in 2007 by the merger of the Open Source Development Labs (OSDL) and the Free Standards Group (FSG). The Linux Foundation sponsors work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds and is supported by leading Linux and open source companies and developers worldwide. Linux Foundation promotes, protects and standardizes Linux "to provide a complete set of services to compete effectively with closed platforms."

Microsoft did not like this, as in architecture Open PC (IBM clone computers and homebuilt) combined with the open source Linux operating system could jeopardize its dominance on the web. How that can happen? Well, just how successful Microsoft dominance in the market:

1. Open architecture was inevitably going to spread in the market for its own nature (remember his house to the generation of Mac versus PC Apple closed architecture)
2. Microsoft did finally anything about pirated copies of Windows to Windows XP

Linux is open source by nature, so any company or person could create a distribution for any purpose. Also the fact that Linux can be easily modified to run in any kind of "architecture" is the reason why the war over who dominates web / file servers, mission-critical systems, data centers is lost by Microsoft as Linux, Unix replaced without problems in these areas. Every interaction we have with the web and any internet infrastructure in general, is fed into a "monopoly" way Linux servers. So that began a precautionary "war" on the desktop / Netbooks market for the sake of survival. This is called FUD (Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt). On November 16, 2005 OLPC (One Laptop Per Child) project attracted much attention when Nicholas Negroponte and Kofi Annan unveiled a working prototype Children's Machine 1 (CM1) World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Tunis, Tunisia. Microsoft, not so .... tried to kill him (Why Microsoft and Intel tried to kill the XO $ 100 laptop)

Moreover, Apple, having learned many painful lessons (1986-1998) attempted to fit your car in the next era of open architecture combined with open source projects. On March 24, 2001, announced that Mac OS X is based in the Mach kernel with certain parts of FreeBSD and NetBSD Unix application built into Nextstep. They also began a successful transition from the PowerPC architecture to architecture of the PC. But wait ... does not mean that Apple was holding philosophies Open. Nobody is allowed to make home-build of Mac even if the kernel is based on source projects open, Apple was more interested in offering third-party developers with access to internal code to create a community where developers write operating system for it. ... Once again could not help being caught in an 8% market share. To overcome this problem on profitability January 9th, 2007 Apple Computer Inc. dropped the word "Computer" from its name to better reflect its movement in the broader consumer electronics. The same day, they announced the iPhone, internet and multimedia-enabled smartphone designed in a secretive and unprecedented collaboration with AT & T Mobility-Cingular Wireless at the time.

Apples habit of controlling everything, did not change at all with this new product line:

• Carrier with lock-in SIM lock - The iPhone normally prevents access to your media player and functions of the Internet unless it has also been activated as a phone with an authorized carrier. Whereas on other smartphones this is not a problem.
• Third party software development - Apple strictly controls freedom of creativity developers any medium. Developers to develop native applications for iPhone has to pay an Apple Developer Connection membership fee. Developers are free to set any price for their applications to be distributed through the application store, which will receive a 70% stake. The problem starts when a developer create an application that is much better and intuitive iPhone software package. If this happens to be true then Apple is free to ban the application from the App Store (see more: iPhone developers frustrated with App Store)

With the previous attitude, Apple excluded carriers and especially developers wanted more freedom to display their creativity. Someone saw it coming ... and by someone I mean Google. Some very interesting historical events began to arrive news media. As written in Wikipedia, in July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc., a small startup company based in Palo Alto, California, USA. At the time, little was known about the functions of Android Inc. other than they made software for mobile phones. This began rumors that Google was planning enter the mobile phone market.

Google Chairman / CEO, Eric Schmidt, in response to rumors with a press conference on November 5, 2007, unveiled its vision of an open software, open devices, open the ecosystem:

"This announcement is ambitious than any single 'Google Phone' that the press has been speculating about over the last few weeks. Our vision is that the powerful platform we're unveiling power thousands of different phone models. This partnership will help unleash the full potential of thousands of mobile technology million users worldwide. A new approach to fostering innovation in the mobile industry will help shape a new computing environment that will change the how to access and share information in the future. "

At Google, Andy Rubin and colleagues developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel that are marketed to handset makers and carriers on the premise of providing an expandable flexible system. The November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance was announced, a consortium of 71 hardware, software and telecom companies dedicated to promoting open standards for mobile devices, including Texas Instruments, Broadcom Corporation, Google, HTC, Intel, Marvell Technology LG Group, Motorola, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile. Along with the formation of the Open Handset Alliance, the OHA also unveiled its first product, Android, an mobile device platform based on Linux 2.6 kernel version. On 9 December 2008, it was announced that 14 new members would join the Android project, including PacketVideo, ARM Holdings, Atheros Communications, Asustek Computer Inc, Garmin Ltd, Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba and Vodafone Group Plc. From the October 21, 2008. Google opened the full source code (including the telephone network and batteries) in an Apache License. With the Apache license, sellers can add, if you will, without submitting those proprietary extensions to the open source community.

That was all ... Android Linux quickly began winning a lot of attention and according to NPD Group, sales of units occupied Android OS smartphones first among all smartphone OS phones sold in the U.S. in the second quarter of 2010, 33%. BlackBerry OS is the second of 28%, and Apple's IOS () holds third with 22%. (See Reuters). These results are reasonable as Android is sold by several manufacturers in all companies worlds, while the iPhone is sold by only one manufacturer and only on a single network company. As summarized in his blog, says Louis Gray few reasons why the Android platform could exceed sales IOS platform:

• Elections: Election of phones. Choice of carriers. Choice of manufacturers
• Momentum: Android has a moment in terms of improved quality, in terms of number of devices sold and users, applications, which are growing in quantity, soon to be followed by quality. Growth in the number of phones, carriers and users drive more developers to the platform, and pockets that there are not finally make the change
• Cloud: The phone is designed to harness the data stored on the Web is the idea that the user need not be tied to your desktop computer to manage data on the phone.
• Capacity: The Android platform, as any commercial offer, simply does more and is by nature able to do more.

The trends certainly seem to support the notion of continuous growth Android so that Apple should look back at past mistakes and rethink the model of "Think Different" of doing business. Compete Nathan Ingraham explains:

The reason Apple should be concerned about new power of Android is because it has been in a similar situation before, in their competition against Microsoft for home computing. Apple, of course, is the sole manufacturer and supplier of phones running iPhone operating system, while any manufacturer is able to run Android if desired. This reflects the history of Apple bites its Macintosh operating system from Microsoft Windows. Apple is the only manufacturer that builds computers running the operating system Mac, while a variety of manufacturers were able to produce computers with Windows, which Microsoft helped to run away with the lead in the OS war in the 1990s.

Recent data from AndroLib.com is noteworthy. The current company measures (for the time of writing this article) suggest the implementation of Android Market is about to 150 000 hit the target at any time. On July 12, Google publicly announced a new project called the Inventor application. Inventor application will not replace or even threaten the traditional development model. Application of objective inventor, Abelson says The Times, is "to allow people to become creators, not only consumers in this mobile world."

"The Google project, Mr. Abelson said, is to give users, especially young people, a simple tool that lets you play with smartphone software, as well as people have done with computers. Over the years, he said, the simplification of programming tools such as Basic, logo and have opened the Scratch door to innovations of all kinds. "

Conclusion ...

In short, Android Linux platform will enable universal each device that connects to millions of other devices and share information among themselves .... a complete wireless network devices. This is because:

• Multiple devices can run Linux
• Linux is open source, and everyone can participate in.
• Multiple manufacturers to build devices that run Android
• Linux to "humanity" and not a single company.

Human nature is reflected in every aspect of our society. We love to explore, investigate, invent new ways of making our lives easier and we do that urge to share that knowledge with others. Shamans and alchemists were the first explorers of material nature and the "invisible" forces that dominated. The knowledge they possessed was his strength, well maintained and protected ignorant of any attempt to "steal" it. His apprentice were the only heirs to this knowledge. In this case, knowledge is generated by a few and only for their own benefit and that society as a whole. It is a source "close" model as a method of producing knowledge. Due to the nature of human beings to share the information generated, slowly but inevitably this method has been replaced by a new, more open approach. Science versus esoteric knowledge, use the opposite approach to knowledge production. Knowledge and the source of it (the form in which it occurs) is available for anyone. In this way the "fire" was invented the only ones. Someone else has invented this knowledge creates something new. This is a standard, "open source" method of generating knowledge.

Software and hardware industry is only 100 years. It is the nature of human beings to change the model to produce innovative products in a closed ecosystem (like alchemists did) in a more open ecosystem model (as scientists do). The use of open standards, over the years becomes more apparent. Linux is gaining more and more not only because it is from another program, but because it is the ideal platform that enables more ideas and solutions in all areas of Science and Technology. Microsoft, Apple and any other company to make the same mistakes over and over if he does not learn past mistakes. Maybe that's why IBM is involved with the mobile phone industry. In a recent post, August 9, 2010 by Jean Healy Staten of IBM explains Linux.com Location:

Businesses and consumers are fast creating a mobile world - have almost a billion Internet-connected devices 2 011 - and open standards like Linux are needed for this new working world. Embedded Linux runs on almost all smart phones today and help keep to 20 times more mobile data and spending 40 times more mobile transactions is anticipated to occur in 2015. Consumers do not know is Linux on their phones but developers. The proliferation of smart phones such as iPhones and Droids presages the development of applications for the Linux mobile platform is only set to grow, a recent survey showed that 33 percent of Eclipse developers now use Linux as main operating system development, over 20 percent in 2007.

Apparently they have learned something from his past. Thanks for your patience and hope you enjoyed my article.

If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange apples then you and I still have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.

George Bernard Shaw

Irish dramatist and socialist (1856 - 1950)

Original post: href = "http://www.cerebrux.net/documents/articles/2010/08/history-repeats-itself-ibm-vs-apple-then-iphone-vs-android-now/" title = "Cerebrux.net"> http://www.cerebrux.net/documents/articles/2010/08/history-repeats-itself-ibm-vs-apple-then-iphone-vs-android-now/

About the Author

Freelance Writer, Computer Geek, Science lover, environmental, solitary at times, anti-materialism, unconventional, eccentric, curious, non-traditional.

Mac vs PC: Microsoft vs. Apple

Smart Phones

 

1. What is a smartphone?

One mobile phone is a communications device that is connected to a wireless communication network via radio waves. Most phones provide mobile voice, SMS and MMS. PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) in contrast, is a portable device that offers services such as computer and Internet. PDA traditionally did not offer phone or fax services.In the beginning, mobile phones were used primarily for making calls and used as organizers PDAs personal laptops.

A smartphone is a combination of the traditional PDA and mobile phone. Smart phones allow users to storing information, email, and install programs and make calls in a single device. A smart phone functions are usually more oriented towards mobile phone features that the PDA-like features. There is no industry standard definition of a smartphone, so any device mobile has over mobile basic skills can be categorized as a smartphone.

2. Features a smartphone

Operating System: A smartphone is based on an operating system that lets you run various applications. A smartphone operating system allows homeowners to use multiple applications at once at a time. A user can check the agenda your smartphone to take a call or make a call while watching a video without interrupting the application media player. In addition, Smart phones can be synchronized with other devices such as a personal computer or laptop. Some of the most popular operating system Android, IOS, telephone Windows 7 Symbian S60, Meego, Blackberry OS 6.0 and Bada.

Software: While nearly all mobile phones require some software, The smart phone software will be able to do more than ask your mobile. It may allow the user to create and edit Microsoft Office documents, download games and books.

Internet access: smart phones can access Internet at high speeds, with the support of 3G networks Wi-Fi. GPRS and EDGE are some of the support system that allows the user to be online all the time

QWERTY Keyboard: A smartphone will have a QWERTY keyboard where the keys are placed in the same order as computer keyboard not in alphabetical order on top of a numeric keypad in the case of a mobile phone.

Messaging: A smart phone can sync with multiple email accounts as personal and professional accounts e-mail and access to instant messaging services more popular, such as Yahoo Messenger.

A smart phone of tomorrow will

• A micro projector to project content on a screen phone
• A large screen touchscreen and a split-screen media player
• Activity sensor to detect the pulse rate and other health indicators
• Long battery duration
• Front and rear cameras
• Dual technology to support multiple standards
• Application in local language
• expandable storage

3. Smartphones History

The first smartphone was called Simon designed by IBM in 1992 and contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, e electronic games, which was an innovative program in that period. The Nokia Communicator, title = "BlackBerry"> BlackBerry title = "IPhone (original)"> iPhone are some of the popular smartphone introduced over the past two decades. Android, a cross-platform and popular open source smart phones, with support from Google was released in 2008.

4. How to select smart phone

Choosing a Smartphone is becoming more and more difficult, since there are a number of models available Apple, Nokia, RIM, HTC, Palm, and dozens of other companies. The selection of a smart phone user depends on the type and needs. The user is classified usually as the business user, communicator, and addicted to the media. optimal use of users regularly seek the ability to compose e-mails and messages quick text, good battery life, and a rugged design that can withstand abuse. A communicator Also would like to make and receive calls and keep in touch with people they may need a Bluetooth connection and more importantly support battery that lasts long enough that you can keep talking all day. The addict media requires a smartphone that looks amazing big screen, playing fast and without problems and have adequate storage for movies and music files.

The mobile phone technology is constantly changing with the launch of 3G services and 4G, and as a result which is a smart phone today may change next year. A mobile phone is no longer just a communication device is also a camera, clock, personal computer and a personal diary, according to a study in 2010 is about 20% of subscribers in the U.S. own smart phones and is one of the fastest growing segments of the mobile phone market.

About the Author

VS Moni is a finance professional with more than 13 years experience in telecom. He can be contacted at vsmoni@hotmail.com

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